Ambiguity refers to the uncertainty of interpretation of a word, phrase, or passage. Some faults that can lead to ambiguous writing include dangling modifiers, misplaced modifiers, ambiguous pronoun reference, ambiguous coordination or juxtaposition, ambiguous word choice, incomplete comparison, and the like.
Sloppy dishwashing procedures caused several cases of food poisoning. This (Dishwashing) is the most serious problem the camp has. [Ambiguous pronoun reference: Does this refer to dishwashing procedures or food poisoning?]
or Sloppy dishwashing procedures caused several cases of food poisoning. This is (These cases are) the most serious problem the camp has.
Sandra values privacy more than Joe (does). [Incomplete comparison: Without the added does, the sentence can mean that Sandra values privacy more than she values Joe.]
change His hobby was cooking, and he was especially fond of cocker spaniels. [Ambiguous juxtaposition: Some transitional statement is needed to clarify the relationship between the two statements.]
TO His hobby was cooking, but he had many other interests as well, including dogs. He was especially fond of cocker spaniels.
All (Not all) navigators are not talented in mathematics. [Misplaced modifier: The implication is that no navigator is talented in mathematics.]
Ambiguity is also often caused by thoughtless word choice.
change The management decided that employee layoffs should be reinstated. [Sloppy wording implies that more layoffs are about to occur.]
to The management decided that the laid-off employees should be reinstated.
