RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATE SYSTEM

The Russian Federation State System is set up by the Constitution of 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Under the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic. The federal government consists of three branches; legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.

The legislative power is represented by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation. The Lower Chamber is the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Chairman. Legislature is initated in the Lower Chamber. To become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers, and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. The State Duma may override the veto.

The President is elected for four years, and is the head of the State. The President is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces laws, appoints the Prime Minister to be approved by the State Duma.

The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet.

The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Arbitrary Court, and regional courts.

The members of the State Duma are elected by the popular vote for a four-year period. The Council of Federation is not elected. It is formed of the heads of the regions.

Today the state Russian banner is three colored. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue, and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one signifies liberty. It was the first state symbol that replaced the former symbols in 1991. Now, the national coat of arms is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitch signifying the succession of the Russian state from the Byzantine Empire. The hymn of Russia is that by Alexandrov.

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