SOME FACTS ABOUT PRESS

Newspapers and magazines provide a wide variety of information, opinion, and entertainment. They also play a vital role in shaping public opinion.

Newspapers have certain advantages over the other major mass media - television, radio, and newsmagazines. Newspapers can cover more news and in much greater detail than can television and radio. Newsmagazines concentrate on the chief national and international events of the preceding week, while daily newspapers report local as well as national and international news and on a day-to-day basis. A daily newspaper provides a great variety of information. News stories cover the latest developments in government, politics, sports, science, business, and the arts. Other news stories' report crimes, disasters, and special events. Editorials and columns of opinion comment on controversial issues. Informative feature articles examine a wide range of subjects, including health, fashions, and child care. Anecdotes, advice columns, and other entertainment items also appear regularly in most daily papers.

Magazines also provide a wide variety of information, opinion, and entertainment. Magazines are usually divided into specialized magazines, and consumer magazines. Specialized magazines appeal to the special interests of business, industrial, and professional groups. Consumer magazines appeal to the broader interests of the general public. Consumer magazines may be children's magazines, hobby, intellectual, men's, women's, and service magazines, each kind appealing to a special group of audience. Children's magazines are published for young people. Most feature stories, jokes, and articles especially interesting to children. Hobby magazines appeal to hobbyists in all fields. Their audiences include collectors of coins, stamps, and other items; people interested in certain sports or games; photography enthusiasts, etc. Intellectual magazines provide a thoughtful analysis of current cultural and political events. Many intellectual magazines publish fiction and poetry. Men's magazines carry articles on such subjects as adventure, entertainment, men's fashions, and sports. Women's magazines offer ideas on cooking and home - decorating. Some women's periodicals deal with childraising, fashion trends, or romance. Others discuss the role of women in society and provide career information. Service magazines include a variety of advice, medical, self help, and how -to publications. Some business magazines have large circulations, even though then-content is very specialized.

Britain has over 100 daily newspapers. About 10 have nationwide circulation. Their main offices are in London. «The Sun» and the «Daily Mirror» have the largest circulations. Other papers include «The Times», «The Guardian», and «The Daily Telegraph».

Private corporation operate the publishing industries in the United States . The First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech. These guarantees allow newspapers to operate without government censorship. Publishers in the United States issue about 1,700 daily newspapers, which have a total circulation of more than 60 million copies. The nation also has about 7,500 weekly and semiweekly newspapers. In the United States, most newspapers chiefly serve a local region. However, the «Wall Street Journal)), «USA Today», the «New York Times», and the «Christian Science Monitor)) circulate throughout most of the country. The «Wall Street Journal)), which specializes in business news, has the largest circulation among U.S. newspapers.

More than 8,000 newspapers are published in Russia. Most of them are small, local papers or bulletins published by factories, farms, and government agencies. Twenty five major newspapers are sold throughout the country. «Izvestia)> (News) of Moscow is the most important newspaper. It has a circulation of over 10 million copies. «Izvestia» is the official newspaper of Russia's government. The most popular newspapers are «Trud» (Labour), a trade union publication that has a daily circulation of over 20 million; and «Komsomolskaia Pravda» (Young Communist League Truth), which has a circulation of about 18 million. Most of the other major newspapers represent various activities of national life, including the armed forces and trade unions.

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