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The situation around the Gulf of Mexico oil spill is critical, as all over the world people can see the results of the human activities, which destroy environment, economy of the USA, reputation of the British Petroleum Corporation, and the U.S. government’s energy policy. The collapse of the oil rig Deepwater Horizon British company British Petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico threatens large-scale disaster. In connection with the emergency in Louisiana because of the spill, there was entered the regime of emergency. On the prevention of disaster there were sent dozens of ships, aircraft and helicopters.
The explosion on a drilling rig, which occurred on April 20, killed 11 people. Coast of the four states were affected by oil spills. As a fact, now the beaches are polluted and the explosion caused considerable damage to the marine and coastal fauna, and along with it – tourism and fisheries. Considering the effects on environment, this incident, first of all, has become a powerful blow to the populations of birds nesting in the coastal strip. Now in danger there are millions of birds, because the Gulf of Mexico is not only a permanent home for many species of birds, but it also serves as a haven for birds migrating north. A number of well-known species is now at risk. Among them there are terns, herons, cormorants, ducks, and a symbol of Louisiana – American brown pelican.

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When the feathers of birds slaughtered in oil, they lose the waterproof function. Cold water penetrates the skin and causes the rapid development of hypothermia. At the same time that the bird cleans feathers with its beak, trying to get rid of the oil film, it will inevitably ingests a toxic substance that causes symptoms of poisoning, in particular diarrhea and dehydration – note the experts. Marine mammals and turtles are also threatened. Whales, dolphins, manatees, sea turtles often float to the surface to collect in the lungs the air. At this point, they are particularly exposed to volatile chemicals. The current danger to marine mammals is also due to swimming animals in water, covered with oil film, and hit a water body. Oil can burn the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth. Oil contained in the water can also clog the mustache of whales, which they use as a filter-feed, thus preventing the food intake. In addition, zoologists are concerned about the situation in the area of oil spill, as they say, in the covered disaster area the Gulf of Mexico could kill thousands of marine animals, fish and birds.
Already, there have been found a lot of dead birds in the gulf, they were covered with a thick layer of “black” gold. And the mass death of birds will continue in the future. Oil enters the food chain, and most species of birds feed on it in areas where there is oil pollution. To aggravate the situation and the fact that the oil spot, thanks to strong currents and wind gusts of rapidly moving farther and farther. Scientists fear that the level of oxygen in the water in the layers with oil formations can cause the deaths of countless living beings, living in the bay. In the area of contamination to be the main area of nesting brown pelican, have only recently left the Red Book of the United States, and has all chances to come back. An oil spill affects: 20 natural areas the U.S., 40% of all wetland U.S., 40 species of marine mammals and 400 different species of living beings.
Oil closes at the ocean surface evaporation of sea water, which affects the formation of clouds, and the water cycle, which involves a change in the approach of the rainy season and droughts. In addition, the measures being taken by oil companies to reduce spillage stains, such as a burning oil slick, only exacerbate the ecological catastrophe. Also the burning of oil discharged into the atmosphere hydrogen sulfide, CO2, CO and other gases and substances harmful to the environment and human health. And most importantly, the assessment – initial or preliminary, in the future there is the mass of the consequences, direct and adverse effects. Who knows what we get in the end? The U.S. President says about the “black” gold and “green technologies”. An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico once again raises the question of the need for a speedy transition to clean energy, said Barack Obama: “Our dependence on foreign oil jeopardizes our security and our economy. At the same time, climate change is a threat to our way of life, and we are now beginning to see its long-term and costly consequences. An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which is a poignant scene, only underlines the need to find alternative sources of fuel”.
The economy of the USA also suffers from this incident.