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As the world’s oldest religion, that has spread in the Middle Ages over a vast territory – from the Caspian Sea to the Pacific Ocean- Buddhism has had a long, diverse and profound influence on the historical development of the spiritual culture of the peoples of South, Southeast, Central and East Asia. Buddhist tradition continued to exert considerable influence on modern culture of the East, where Buddhism has been a traditional religion. Moreover, in recent years we can see a dramatic increase in the influence of the Eastern teachings in many Western countries – U.S., Canada, Western Europe and Latin America, etc.
Study of diverse cultural and historical heritage of Buddhism requires a comprehensive and integrated analysis, taking into account various aspects of its interaction with the socio-cultural and religious – tradition of the East. Important for the integrated study of Buddhism are historical and psychological research, which should identify a variety of psychological aspects of its functioning in the traditional culture of the East.
The relevance of highlighting of the psychological aspects of Buddhism as a distinct object of study is primarily determined by the role played by psychology – both the theoretical and applied – in the Buddhist religious and cultural complex, being essentially one of its main structure and functional elements. (Madawela Punnaji)
European scientists and Christians consider the many theories of Buddhism, its practices. Buddhist philosophy and teachings on mental health is now widely used by European scientists, psychologists and physicians.

The psychological aspects of Buddhism
The psychological aspects have played a crucial role in the process of the historical interaction of Buddhism with the customary religious, philosophical, socio-cultural and psychological traditions in the countries of the East, where Buddhism was widely spread in ancient and medieval times and where it has become a powerful factor in the socio- economic and cultural life. Often the influence of psychological aspects of Buddhism was of greater importance in shaping the identity of thinking and social behavior of its followers than the effect of a strictly ideological perspective.
Studying the psychological influence of Buddhism has both theoretical and practical importance, since in Buddhism had worked out effective methods of psycho and emotional self-regulation. A particular interest to the psychological aspects of Buddhism has arisen from the fact that psychology is a key functional element of Buddhist religious complex. Psychology, namely the theory of consciousness, was the main subject of Buddhist religious and philosophical doctrines from the earliest stages of its development, whereas the ontological perspective or entirely determined by the soteriological aims and objectives, or viewed through the lens of psychology. On other hand, the psychology of Buddhism carried ontological nature and Buddhists did not talk about the world as another consciousness, but as the presence of mind, “reflected” in it. (Madawela Punnaji)
Psychologism of Buddhist beliefs is expressed, inter alia, in the origin of mentality, of its essence, the problem of personality and its relationship to nature and society were the focus of the followers of Buddhism almost since its inception. A man being an integral part of the world was perceived by the religious complex as the central problem of world outlook. By the way, having tried to solve it, Buddhists clearly traced critical attitude towards the surrounding reality, which was due to the profound socio-political crisis in society at that time. A generalized philosophical and psychological expression of such a critical attitude of early Buddhism was the famous postulate that existence is suffering. Suffering is itself inseparable from the suffering of the subject and, consequently, on his psyche. In fact, suffering is no more than one of the states of the human psyche, and, according to the Buddhists, the most typical, the general condition for the absolute majority of the people and all living creatures.
At the same time, Buddhism asserts that every person is potentially able to move from a state of suffering to a state of complete serenity, with the highest peace, profound wisdom, and through their own volitional effort and action. Therefore central to the Buddhist concept of “salvation” from worldly delusions and suffering has taken the doctrine of achieving the state of “enlightenment” or “awakening”, which became the highest soteriological goal of all Buddhist schools. This led to the importance of Buddhism not only “theory” to achieve “enlightened” state, but also the practical methods of changing the source of moral and psychological state of a person.
Psychologization of mental problems by Buddhism makes it necessary to focus on studying the psychological aspects of Buddhism, the Buddhism view on mental health and mental illnesses.
Comprehensive study of the psychological aspects of Buddhism take us to identify the internal mechanisms of the impact of Buddhism on social behavior and thinking man’s style of thinking and living, will more fully address many questions of psychology, of increasing importance in light of the problems of cultural interaction between East and West.
Psychology deals with the laws of mental development of individuals. Comparison of the results of this development in various conditions, including the views of Buddhism on the issue, may help in studying the human psyche, his mental behavior.
The first of these aspects is connected, as we have said, with the need to reveal the essence of the Buddhist concepts of the human psyche, its elements, on the norms of human behavior. The second aspect is the need to take account of the impact of the whole religious and philosophical complex of Buddhist culture on the minds and behavior. This influence is carried out in various ways, and together with the influence over ideology, worldview, and there was another way – through psychology. This psychological effect of channel was carried out through different methods of changing the psychological status of the individual, the rules of his conduct. Buddhism has developed a huge number of different methods and techniques of mental preparation. It should be noted that they were applied in ancient times, and also are widely used nowadays in everyday life and in also medicine.