Buy essay on The power of the Roman people

The conquest of Italy did not mean the end of Roman expansion. Rome was interested in a war as in a way of enrichment and expansion of the land fund and a way of spreading “power of the Roman people” (imperium populi Romani – hence the later term “empire”), which meant their system of taxation and general exploited territories. With lack of the marketability development, booty supplied major part of that production, which trade could not give to the Empire; besides the war itself directly enriched its participants. Wars have been fought almost constantly – periods of peace were rare and short. As usual, every year one or even two consuls led military action. Military glory (of both definite military commanders and the entire genera) was the most important prerequisite for a political career. Military experience (participating in 10 campaigns) was the indispensable condition for all candidates for magistrates. The war provided an essential part of the Roman way of life.
The reason, which drew attention of the Romans to the next region, was an attack of the Illyrian pirates on the Italic merchants. Such cases occurred earlier, but this time an embassy to the Illyrian Queen Teuta followed, and after the failure of the embassy the imposing military expedition of the two consuls in 229 AD followed. Subjugation of Illyria became the result of the Illyrian War II (220-219), but the inclusion of the Romans in Balkan policy was more important. Already in 229, they have concluded series of alliances, and Rome was supported by the Greeks against Illyrians, who attacked Greek cities.
The word “province” firstly meant the sphere of activity entrusted the consul (or other senior officer) – usually an area for conducting the military campaign. Later it got more “peaceful” meaning. Deputy could be a consul or praetor, later, the person with the consular power, which by decision of the Senate was given to him after the consulate or pretury. The governor’s power was military (he was able to conduct military operations in the area, which was subjected to him), judicial, and administrative. His apparatus (such as the higher officials) in general consisted of: quaestor (Treasurer), legates (deputies, who could be entrusted to the court), “Friends”, scribes, interpreters, ministers for special assignments, lictors, messengers, heralds etc. These were people close to the governor, personally dependent on him and even (however, it was naturally for the Roman society) could be considered as his slaves. Public contractors (publikans) united in associations, as they were private, but actually performed (as it is indicated in their name) certain duties related to the state. These associations had their own auxiliary apparatus, mainly slaving, but on occasion they could count on support of governors, and even the use of military force. The old institutions of the conquered countries also were used by the Romans, if they did not contradict the Roman laws. In general, the apparatus of the Roman provinces was multifarious (as in Rome itself) and not sufficiently differentiated – could be effective, but easily turned into an instrument of abuse.
Pannonia (Latin Pannonia) was the Roman province, which occupied the territory of modern western Hungary, eastern Austria and part of Slovenia. The main cities of the provincial administration were Aquincum, Carnuntum, Sirmium, Murcia and Petovium. The Celts lived in the province, in separate settlements (civitates). In 108 AD Trajan divided Pannonia on the Superior, with center Carnuntum, and Inferior with center Aquincum. The first was managed by a consular legate, the second – by praetorian, and from Marcus Aurelius – as a consular. First procurator of Inferior Pannonia became Adrian.
In 16 BC the territory of modern Austria became a part of the Roman Empire, but some time the Celts maintained a high degree of independence under the authority of their own princes. Only about 40 AD the emperor Claudius in place of Celtic States formed the Roman province of Noricum. Lands to the west of the Inn River became a part of the province Rhaetia (15 BC), and the territory east of modern Vienna became the part of Pannonia province (9 BC).