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A group means bringing people together based on their participation in certain activities connected system of relations, which are governed by formal or informal institutions. Signs of the groups: the presence of internal organization, general group goal, group forms of control, samples (models) of group activities, intense group interaction.
Definition of a social group consists of four main points:
social interaction – that is, communicative interaction, performed with the symbolic systems;
stigma – “labeling” by which we recognize membership in a group, formed in a social gestalt (the image in the popular consciousness) – the lifestyle of this group; identification – the identification of the individual himself with the team through the opposition of “we – other” with the establishment of social boundaries and filters to “input-output”, as well as through the mechanism of social control; development of the individual’s position and the formation of his installations, stereotypes inherent to this group. Signs, which are determined by group membership, and which form the basis of identification, may be the same, or may not coincide with each other. For example, members of the organization are distinguished each other by their license, and non-members identify them on the dress code. [1]
Types of social groups:
Have large, medium and small social groups. In large social groups (in addition to classes) comprises a collection of people that exist in the scale of society as a whole: it is the social strata, professional groups, ethnic community (nation, ethnic group), age groups (youth, senior citizens), etc. The realization of belonging to social group and therefore its interests as its happening gradually, as the formation of organizations that protect the interests of the group (for example workers’ struggle for their rights and interests through the organization of workers).
The middle social groups include the employees of enterprises and production associations, territorial community (residents of a village, city, district, etc.). Diverse small groups include groups such as family, friends of the company, neighborly community. They are distinguished by the presence of interpersonal relationships and personal contacts with each other.
A special feature of social groups in developed economies is now their mobility, the openness of the transition from one social group to another. Convergence level of culture and education and various socio-professional groups, lead to the formation of common social and cultural needs and thereby create conditions for the gradual integration of social groups, systems, their values, their behavior and motivation. As a result, we can state update and expansion of the characteristic in the modern world – the middle layer. [2]