Buy essay on 1. Grady’s The New South was praised for its conciliatory tone. List three examples from the speech to demonstrate Grady’s rhetoric of conciliation.

In the 19th century due to the economic and social difficulties in the USA there was a great demand for direction and leadership, that public figures tried to fulfill rhetorically. Among them was Grady, whose “New South Speech” is regarded as one of the classical in the oratorical tradition. He started: “Mr. President and Gentlemen: Let me express to you my appreciation of the kindness by which I am permitted to address you. I make this abrupt acknowledgment advisedly, for I feel that if, when I raise my provincial voice in this ancient and august presence, I could find courage for no more than the opening sentence, it would be well if, in that sentence, I had met in a rough sense my obligation as a guest, and had perished, so to speak, with courtesy on my lips and grace in my heart”. (Davis 1990)
In his speech Grady used a lot of kind words and sentiments about his people, trying to get their respect and love: “Permitted through your kindness to catch my second wind, let me say that I appreciate the significance of being the first Southerner to speak at this board, which bears the substance, if it surpasses the semblance, of original New England hospitality, and honors a sentiment that in turn honors you, but in which my personality is lost, and the compliment to my people made plain”. (Davis 1990)
Grady used a lot of beautiful metaphors and flattering words, trying to show his admiration: “ the American citizen, supplanting both and stronger than either, took possession of the Republic bought by their common blood and fashioned to wisdom, and charged himself with teaching men government and establishing the voice of the people as the voice of God”
Using creative powers of language Grady spoke hopefully about the future of his nation, using conciliatory tone: “ Let us, each cherishing the traditions and honoring his fathers, build with reverent hands to the type of this simple but sublime life, in which all types are honored; and in our common glory as Americans there will be plenty and to spare for your forefathers and for mine.” (Davis 1990)

2. How does Grady define “the New South,” and how is it different from the South of the Civil War?
H. Grady used metaphors in his speech to show a new symbolic vision of the South to the audience, and also a conciliatory and admiring tone : “In speaking to the toast with which you have honored me, I accept the term, “The New South,” as in no sense disparaging to the Old. Dear to me, sir, it is the home of my childhood and the traditions of my people. I would not, if I could, dim the glory they won in peace and war, or by word or deed take aught from the splendor and grace of their civilization—never equaled and, perhaps, never to be equaled in its chivalric strength and grace”. (Davis 1990)
H. Grady said he didn’t protest the New South to the Old South, he didn’t criticized it: “There is a New South, not through protest against the Old, but because of new conditions, new adjustments and, if you please, new ideas and aspirations.” (Davis 1990)
But Grady proposed the new world called “New South” , that would become better than Old one: “The Old South rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The New South presents a perfect democracy, the oligarchs leading in the popular movements social system compact and closely knitted, less splendid on the surface but stronger at the core—a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace, and a diversified industry that meets the complex needs of this complex age”. (Davis 1990)
Grady also spoke about “the nobler duty confided to human hands than the uplifting and upbuilding of the prostrate and bleeding South, misguided perhaps, but beautiful in her suffering, and honest, brave and generous always”. (Davis 1990)

3. Grady appeals to Northern sympathy when describing the defeated Southern soldiers returning home after the Civil War. Provide examples of his use of emotional appeals. In what ways was this strategy effective or ineffective?
H. Grady in his speeches always used many vivid metaphors that was a method of emotional appeal. This method was very effective, as it made the tone of the speech very admiring: “Let us, each cherishing the traditions and honoring his fathers, build with reverent hands to the type of this simple but sublime life, in which all types are honored; and in our common glory as Americans there will be plenty and to spare for your forefathers and for mine.
Grady used emotional appeals to carry the audience into speech with him: “So, while those who call to me from behind may inspire me with energy if not with courage, I ask an indulgent hearing from you. I beg that you will bring your full faith in American fairness and frankness of judgment upon what I shall say”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
And his words were always followed by audience’s answers, laughter, cheering and applause.
So, Grady’s rhetoric shows that communication played a vital motivating and inspiring role, that was directed to shape and determine people’s behavior.
4. Booker T. Washington’s position on economic sufficiency is best exemplified in his phrase: “Cast down your bucket where you are”. Explain what Washington meant by this metaphor, providing specific examples from the speech.
The “Atlanta Compromise” speech by Booker T. Washington was one of the most important and influential speeches in American history of that time. It is important that he was a black speaker, that was made with the hope to impress Northern visitors with racial progress in the South.
Booker T. Washington used the phrase: “Cast down your bucket where you are” in his famous speech in Atlanta in 1895, when he spoke about Cotton States and International Exposition in the South. He said about Negroes: “the opportunity here afforded will awaken among us a new era of industrial progress. Ignorant and inexperienced, it is not strange that in the first years of our new life we began at the top instead of at the bottom; that a seat in Congress or the state legislature was more sought than real estate or industrial skill; that the political convention or stump speaking had more attractions than starting a dairy farm or truck garden”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
Booker T. Washington meant that Blacks were never fully employed, their skills and value as a labor force was underestimated, they were denied access to skilled craft guilds and labor unions. He believed and conveyed that the new era of Exposition would change the position of Blacks: “I but convey to you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses of my race when I say that in no way have the value and manhood of the American Negro been more fittingly and generously recognized than by the managers of this magnificent Exposition at every stage of its progress. It is a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of the two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our freedom”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
He believed that the Exposition was a great opportunity for blacks: “nothing in thirty years has given us more hope and encouragement, and drawn us so near to you of the white race, as this opportunity offered by the Exposition”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
Washington said to Blacks: “To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land, or who underestimate the importance of preservating friendly relations with the southern white man who is their next door neighbor, I would say: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down, making friends in every manly way of the people of all races, by whom you are surrounded”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
Washington said to white people: “To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted, I would repeat what I have said to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )

5. Another line from Washington’s speech is the following: “In all things that are purely social we can be separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.” Explain what Washington meant by this metaphor. How does it define his policy on race relations?
Booker T. Washington in his speech, that was part of the so-called “Atlanta compromise” tried to convey both black and white people to work together towards their common goal: success, prosperity and happiness. He asked people not to think about different social misunderstandings and disagreements , but to make step toward equal rights, and this step would provide the economic power for future.
So Washington made an initiative to unite races in the name of justice: “ There is no escape through law of man or God from the inevitable:
The laws of changeless justice bind
Oppressor with oppressed;
And close as sin and suffering joined
We march to fate abreast”. (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
He conclude that friendship between races “coupled with our material prosperity, will bring into our beloved South a new heaven and a new earth” . (Harlan and Blassingame, 1974 )
6. DuBois promises to explain the “mistakes and shortcomings” of Booker T. Washington. Explain their differences in term of black equality, providing at least four specific examples from DuBois’ article.
First of all in the article “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Other” DuBois stated the ideas of T. Washington: “Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission; but adjustment at such a peculiar time as to make his programme unique”. (Du Bois 1994)
Then he asked about the possibility of that ideas, saying that : “Is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meagre chance for developing their exceptional men?”. (Du Bois 1994)
DuBois stressed the importance of the questions involved, that were really fundamental for that time, so he took the position the Grimkes, Kelly Miller, J. W. E. Bowen, who : “accept the “Atlanta Compromise” in its broadest interpretation; they recognize, with him, many signs of promise, many men of high purpose and fair judgment, in this section; they know that no easy task has been laid upon a region already tottering under heavy burdens”. (Du Bois 1994)
DuBois didn’t agree with T. Washington about the position of Negroes in the society, about their social status: “the low social level of the mass of the race is responsible for much discrimination against it, but they also know, and the nation knows, that relentless color-prejudice is more often a cause than a result of the Negro’s degradation”. (Du Bois 1994)
In conclusion of the article, Dubois pointed the value of “the growing spirit of kindliness and reconciliation between the North and South after the frightful differences of a generation ago ought to be a source of deep congratulation to all, and especially to those whose mistreatment caused the war”. (Du Bois 1994)

 
Works cited:

American Rhetorical Discourse Third Edition
Harold E. Davis. “Henry Grady’s New South”. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990, 1-20.
Louis R Harlan, John W. Blassingame . “The Booker T. Washington Papers”. University of Illinois Press, 1972, pp. 583–587.
W.E.B. Du Bois. “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Other”. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Gramercy Books, 1994, pp. 33-46.