Buy essay on Canine Lymphoma

The lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes and spleen, plays an important role in the protective immune system of the body against antigens. Lymph nodes contain many types of white blood cells that play an important role in the fight of the organism against infection. As a result, the role of lymph nodes is to filter a circulating blood and help in removing unwanted antigens (Bhang 2006).
Lymph nodes are located in various zones throughout the body; the location of some of them can be found easily, and some are deeper in the body, and to find them, usually require special x-ray equipment. Lymph nodes filter the material from the tissue and remove foreign bodies, such as bacteria and viruses. Swollen glands occur for different reasons: in response to stimulation of antigens (such as bacterial infection), the infection within the lymph nodes, or in the case of cancer such as lymphoma.
Canine lymphoma is a type of malignant tumor that affects primarily the lymphatic system of the organism. It ranges from 7 to 24% of all tumor processes.
This disease can happen in dogs, cats, ferrets and other animals. But in this work is devoted to only dogs` canine lymphoma (Morrison 2004).
Canine lymphoma is usually a malignant disease of the lymph glands of dogs.
It can also affect other organs such as the liver, nervous system, and skin. Usually canine lymphoma affects anatomically distinct sites throughout the body. Therefore, treatment should similarly affect the whole body.
The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes, combined with the system of small vessels. It is an important part of the immune system and plays a major role in protecting the body against infections. The main component of the immune system is lymphocytes, which are the type of blood cells. When lymphoma occurs, the “tumor” lymphocytes are dividing indefinitely; their descendants populate the lymph nodes and/or various internal organs, causing a breach of their normal work (Ettinger 1995).
Causes of Canine lymphoma in dogs are unknown.
Lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocytes or white blood cells. There are many different types of lymphoma in dogs, as well as in humans, although at present, it is a concept that really starts to reach a broad veterinary consciousness. Different types of lymphoma are the result of a malignant transformation of various types of lymphocytes, or as a result, various specific DNA abnormalities, acquired during the life of the individual dog. Most types of lymphoma respond favorably to the correct assignment of chemotherapy.
So, the main types of canine lymphoma are: anatomical, histology (cell type) and immunophenotype.
Symptoms. Typically, the first symptom of canine lymphoma is a significant increase in the size of lymph nodes, for example, in the neck area. Unlike infectious diseases, the sizes of lymph nodes do not decrease with time and with antibiotic treatment. But the general condition of the animal may be normal for some time. Other symptoms occurring in lymphoma, are weakness, fever, weight loss, indigestion (diarrhea, vomiting), and even blindness. While the localization of lymphoma, for example, in the organs of the thoracic cavity or the gastrointestinal tract, there may be symptoms of dysfunction of the organ.
In medical practice, doctors always take a part of the affected lymph node or the entire lymph node for analysis. In veterinary medicine the cytological study of lymph node punctuates is used more often.
Punctate is taken with the help of syringe; anesthesia or anesthesia is not required. Simplicity, relatively low cost, fast obtaining of results, high reliability under typical clinical symptoms explain the wide dissemination of this method. However, in doubtful cases, the lymph node is removed and sent for analysis. This procedure is a small operation and is performed under general anesthesia. It is possible to take the material (lymph node tissue) without general anesthesia – with a special biopsy needle, but in veterinary medicine this method is still limited because of the high cost of biopsy needles (Kaneene 1999).
The material from the affected lymph node is sent to a medical study of Pathomorphology, whose main task is to identify whether the material under study contain tumor (lymphoma) cells.
So, the main methods to put the diagnosis are: cytology (ideal for screening, but doesn’t give exact data); biopsy (allows determining the extent of disease); biochemistry and haematology.