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There is no week that goes by without reports of illness or injury of any sports celebrities. But sports medicine is not limited to caring only about the superstars, giving advice on a training schedule, problem diagnosis and selection of treatment methods. It also includes any family doctor whose duty is to help the patient, who stretched ligaments during a morning jogging, or to cure muscle, strained in the usual game of badminton.
The subject of interest of sports medicine is almost any illness or injury, which can happen with a person doing sports and playing active games – from the usual football to hang gliding.
Sports Medicine is one of the most popular and needed areas of modern traumatology. Unfortunately, bruises, dislocations of joints, fractures, sprains or tears of muscles and tendons, damage to the meniscus and ligaments are not uncommon, particularly among adults, having an active lifestyle. Being active in sport, and in particular: extreme sport, skiing, football, wrestling, the risk of injury increases significantly.
The core functions of sports medicine are:
– Dispensary medical examination of sportsmen, considering the specifics of kind of sport;
– On the basis of medical examination, preparation of the conclusion for the sports doctor and coach, reflecting the level of functional condition, health condition, containing the recommendations for further treatment and preventive measures;
– Solution expert questions about admission to physical activity;
– Medical support of events (France 2003).
The priority for sports medicine is a multi-faceted integration with clinical medicine, the introduction of the latest technologies into the practice of diagnosing athletes, continuous improvement of the methodological and methodical principles of health evaluation.
Sometimes sports medicine differs from its other varieties not only because the nature of diseases but the nature of the patient. Even many sports enthusiasts do not spare themselves during training and competitions. The doctor’s prescription to take a break due to injury, throws them into a deep depression, and they are fighting to return into the sport as soon as possible. And if the injury is got by a famous athlete, the financial stakes and interests of prestige become very high. In such a case, everything is put on the map (Sherry 1997).
As a result, the patient does not always follow the advice of the doctor. And then untreated trauma can only aggravate his condition. Therefore, the sport of the highest achievements, the vital role is played not only by sports medicine, but sports psychology also.
The surveys have determined which parts of the body are the most susceptible to injury in different forms and at different levels of sport. According to a statistical analysis, the first place (24%) took a knee injury. The next are the soles and calf injuries, including Achilles tendon, (14%). The13% falls on the elbow injury, 10% – lower leg, 9% – shoulders, 9% – the hips and pelvis, 7% – head and face, 5% – of the ankles and feet, and 4% – the wrists and hands, 4% – the stomach and 1% – the groin (Minigh 2007).
An essential element of sports medicine is prevention. There are a big number of sportsmen who were injured or became ill only because they did not use proper equipment or form. Prevention includes measures such as wearing special shoes, protecting the foot from blisters and abrasions. For example, shoes for skating should reliably keep the ankle; soles of shoes for the marathon should absorb impacting on the spine vibration.