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The Black September Organization (BSO) was the Palestinian terrorist organization, which was a member of Fatah. It was found in the second half of 1970. Despite the fact that Black September was just a pert of Fatah, formed specifically for the beginning of the “anti Jordan terrorist front”, this organization needs to be observed as a separate topic. The reason for this attention is that the Black September in less than 4 years of terrorist activity has left such a deep mark in the modern history that many more generations will recall this “terrorist monster” with a shudder. The cruelty of this terrorist organization has surpassed such ultra-radical terrorists as George Habash, Naif Havatame, Abu Jihad and Wadi Haddad. Even the extremist Palestinian terrorist organizations left their brothers in arms from the Black September, because the terrorists of BSO were perpetrated a total outrage (Tristam 2007).
Looking through the history of the organization, there is a need to tell about the political situation in that time. After the end of the 1967 war and the setting of the control of Israel, a huge number of refugees (up to 200 thousand) settled in the Kingdom of Jordan. The territory of the country has become a rear base for the Palestine Liberation Organization. Jordan in the course of their work had a substantial losses both in military terms, (being the natural target for Israeli response), and in domestic policy, because the Palestinian organizations claimed the right to regulate the activities of their compatriots and, potentially, to political power in Jordan. After several clashes in 1969 and first half of 1970 between the Palestinians and Jordanian security forces, the royal army in September 1970 began decisive actions. In several weeks of fighting it put under the control the zones of settling people from Palestine, and the next year cut short Palestinians trying to return the previous status quo. Syria, being on the side of the Palestinians, took an active part in the conflict. So, in September 1970 there was still a civil war in Jordan, which cost thousands of lives of Palestinians. Only during one day, September 17, 1970 thousands of innocent Palestinians were killed; most of whom have found their death under the treads of tanks. These tragic events became known as “Black September” among Palestinians (Friedlander 16).
All these events eventually led to the foundation of a terrorist organization known as “Black September”. It was called so in memory of the tragic events of September 1970. A small terrorist cell was originally created for vengeance to the King Hussein; it consisted of the most vivid extremists of Fatah, who believed that negotiations were a waste of time. In addition to terrorist activities in the “Black September” leadership was to make reconnaissance activities.
“Black September” was an integral part of Fatah. It consisted of activists of this organization and was financed from its budget. The Black September Organization reported directly to Yasser Arafat, who also personally made appointments to senior posts of some Fatah activists. The key figures of “Black September” were: a close relative of Arafat, Ali Hassan Salame, a Palestinian sphere known as Abu Hassan, and personal Salah Khalaf, Arafat’s deputy, better known as Abu Iyad (Dobson 13).