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Values and presentations, touching the role of woman and man in society, and gender stereotypes in connections with social options related to them are regulated at deep mental level of public consciousness, they have get-away roots in the distant past, most stable, transmissible from a generation in a generation. This level is formed during long history of development of society and has the most different aspects: historical, social, economic, cultural, religious, and political. For example, famous American researcher Holfsted considers that attitude toward the social role of woman (to the gender behavior and relevant stereotypes) is one of five most meaningful parameters, measured in public consciousness, general for any studied cultures. In such a way it is necessary to discuss in this paper Joan Scott’s arguments that were brightly presented in her article with the title “LOuvriere! Mot impie, sordide…” Women workers in the Discourse of French Political Economy, 1840-1860”, because exactly in it she deeply examined the role of working women in nineteenth-century Paris.
First of all we should pay our attention on fact that “woman’s question”, complex of social problems, including the problems of position of woman in society and family is the theme of numerous debates during all existence of humanity. According to the analysis of Joan Wallach Scott’s work we could come to the conclusion that participating of women in political life of the country is one of major high-quality descriptions of the political system. The study of question of woman representative office in political space can assist being and establishment of more effective organizational models in a policy. To date problem of achievement by the women of parity with men in the field of policy is one of priority directions in political development of different countries of the world. The events of French political history and theoretical ground of important “woman” transformations to the modern French policy present large scientific interest, going out far outside France. There is an objective necessity for a study of unclaimed earlier woman political potential, in determination of external and internal factors, influencing on political activity of woman and forming it as an active subject of political activity (Joyce 1987, 127).
According to Scott’s words we see that “one of the important points of intersections was the representation of working women; a shared conception about femininity, sexuality and social order that permitted the exchange of options and ideas about the effects of industrial development of French society” ( Joyce 1987, 121).

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She was right in her topic observations and her position really reflects those days’ situation. Analysing literature sources about woman’s role in society we could say that referencing to working women in the works of nineteenth-century French political economists had not only direct character, but also indirect mentioning (Joyce 1987, 121). For example, Scott also mentioned the next “the figure of the working woman served both as an explicit topic in discussions of poverty, wages, occupations, and the family and as a metaphor for disorder” (Joyce 1987, 121). Women workers and prostitutes were put in one frames of their existence definition and such attitude to them was one of the steps that provoke the struggle in gender aspect. In my opinion we could use as an example of Scott’s right analysis of situation the next words: “the term used to refer to independent women workers was ambiguous. In the regime of the policing of prostitution, femmmes isolees referred to clandestine prostitutes who were not registered in one of the houses there the trade were permitted.” (Joyce 1987, 122). In different studies it was found information about roots of prostitution and in such a way it was tried to prove that “casual prostitutes came from the ranks of working girls” (Joyce 1987, 122).
Looking at the historical roots of the question we could mention that women gradually win back to itself economic meaningfulness, lost yet in prehistoric times, as break forth from home and, working in a factory, newly take part in a production. Such revolution becomes possible due to a machine, because a difference in physical force between the workers of sex of men and woman in most cases is levelled. As a sharp jump of industry requires many more hands, what the workers of sex of men can offer, bringing in of women becomes a necessity. This is that great revolution which in nineteenth century transforms the fate of woman and opens a new era for them. Due to such new situation women understood that it is necessary to eradicate not only inequality by the law but also deep-rooted in consciousness of people false thesis about masculine superiority. According to article we also understood that women tried to work, but for a great regret, their wages were low and, for example, men could live on their wages alone or with a family, but women could not do the same, in spite their efforts and duration of working day (Joyce 1987, 125). This fact shows us financial inequality between male and female wages. Adding to this fact several details we should also mention that in many cases women’s work considered less productive for society than the same men’s work.
Analysing Scott’s article I came to interesting conclusions that history shows us that any attempt to compel society by force to change the habits, options, stereotypes, let even on more progressive, does not result in anything, except violence, and does not have the future. Slogans of socialistic character, of feministic nature and others, to many people seem very attractive, but only to that moment, while there are no persons interested to change their life in such a way. It is impossible to break stereotypes, as steady as gender. It needs attentively to study them, investigate tendencies and conformities to law. It will help to create reasonable laws, build a social infrastructure, organically written into society, live without violence above human nature. And it should be remembered that gender subjects are not closed only by female problems, that exist yet and masculine, they are closely related to each other and it is impossible to study one without other.
Thus, based on all above presented information we could come to the conclusion that during all history of humanity masterminds studied, estimated and determined the specific of the woman’s role and character, female behaviour and female attitude to society. As a result there were formed gender ideas about a woman, multidimensional and contradictory, helping to ground and systematize present supervisions and describe woman nature. Women workers and their role in society run counter to norms and stereotypes of woman’s behaviour, history of their forming and regulative function, largely change from a generation to the generation and from a culture to the culture. In this work there was analysed exactly French aspect of women workers question and in such a way due to this research we became closer to gender topic understanding.
Bibliography
Joyce, Patrick, ed. The Historical Meanings of Work. “L’Ouvrière! Mot Impie, Sordide…” Women Workers in the Discourse of French Political Economy (1840-1860) by Joan Scott. Cambridge University Press,