Custom essay on Sports Medicine

The rules of some sports require wearing special protective uniform and equipment. A good example is amateur boxing with its protective helmet, kapa and gloves. There are also important knee pads in football, helmets in rugby and cycling sports; lifejackets in aquatic kinds of sport.
Many minor injuries occur at the beginning and the end of the sports season. An important role in ensuring «safe» games has focal skills and psychological mood. At the beginning of preseason training and at the end of the season when sportsmen are affected by overloading, the athletes can not concentrate on 100%.
Doctors recommend athletes and players to perform warm-up exercises before the competition or match. They help to warm up stiff muscles and joints, to normalize the heartbeat, blood circulation and speed up the thoughts for the control and coordination of movements.
There are different methods of classifying sports and related diseases. Some types of sports injuries are due to many years of wear and tear. Like the machine tools, body parts wear out with age under the influence of gravitational forces. This leads to various forms of arthritis and other diseases specific for the elderly (Edelson 1999).
Sports can be divided into two groups. The first category includes those that relate to repeating movements – running, rowing, swimming and cycling. Here, problems arise from “inside” as a result of endless repetition of movements or accelerations such as bursitis or “tennis elbow”. The second includes those where there is no continuous motion stereotype. They are football, rugby, hockey, cricket, basketball. This injury occurs as a result of direct force of contact with another player or sports equipment.
In practice, sports medicine focuses mainly on the muscles, bones and joints – the most moving parts of the body, which often suffer from injuries. Most sports injuries are usually associated with damage to soft tissues. This includes stretching of ligaments and muscles, cuts and abrasions.
An important element in sports medicine is an early diagnostic and emergency care. If a player has painful or embarrassing incident, falls or hits the unmoved object, or run into another player, there is a possibility of severe injury. Before moving the victim from the place, doctor need to assess the situation quickly. It is usually easier for the specialist to have preliminary diagnosis on the spot, while the picture is not blurred with bruises, swelling and stiffness of joints.
In the case of the spine, pelvis or legs fracture, any attempt to help the victims to sit or stand can only worsen his condition. Therefore, at any sporting event there are always present club doctors and nurses; they sit in a special emergency room, or on-call ambulances (Dyment 1991).
After the diagnosis the doctor recommends a particular treatment method. The unchangeable element of it is a rest, fixing or supporting bandages, sometimes imposing tires, and possibly analgesic, anti-inflammatory or other means to alleviate pain and accelerate healing. In addition, a physical therapist may recommend warming up, massage and rehabilitation program of exercises that will return the mobility to injured joints and muscles.
Nowadays, we can seethe increasing of specialization and improving of technical equipment of sports medicine. It could not be in another way, because the prize amounts in professional sports are rapidly growing, and represent the team or country for any athlete has always been an act of a special honor.
Talking about sportsmen` injuries, I should say that stifle suffers very often.
The injuries of athletes` knee are one of the most common injuries. The high functional load, the complexity of the anatomical structure and biomechanical capabilities cause a wide spectrum of lesions of various anatomical structures of the knee joint (Starkey 2006).

The burning issue of sports traumatology is the earlier resumption of physical activity, after treatment and the possibility of continuing intensive training by athlete.
The early appearance and progressive condition of deforming arthrosis and knee instability with the development of secondary lesions of various anatomical structures are major limiting factors to continue athletic careers. In this regard, the methods of surgical treatment are of particular importance, they are oriented on recovery of integrity of the damaged capsule-ligamentous structures, menisci, injuries of the knee joint, covering the first 2-3 weeks since the injury. custom essay
Most clinics of sports injury have developed an original technique of ACL to PCL knee stump implantation. In chronic injuries of cruciate ligaments and the development of chronic instability of the knee joint, the clinics do autoplastic restore of ligamentous structures using the average portion of own patellar ligament with bone blocks. There also can be used an arthroscopic methods of simultaneous ACL reconstruction and PCL knee. Sport medicine does everything in order to help sportsmen with injuries (Scuderi 2005).
Some sportsmen have problems with hips, which also can be cured by sport medicine.
Some hospitals which work in the field of sport medicine use arthroscopy for patients with various pathologies of the hip joint.
The value of the method of hip arthroscopy is that it allows an objective assessment of existing pathological changes of intra-structures that may not always be identified when examining the application of traditional research methods, and further defines the desired range of therapeutic measures to restore the function of the joint, including and arthroscopic.
Sportsmen often have injuries of shoulder joint, and sport medicine cures them.
The arthroscopic study of the shoulder joint has a high diagnostic value in the detection, visualization and documentation of traumatic injuries and degenerative changes in all elements of the shoulder joint. Analysis of comparable characteristics, obtained with the help of arthroscopy compared with the radiological data, ultrasound scanning, the results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging show a significant superiority of this method in accuracy, specificity, high sensitivity in detecting pathology in all elements of the shoulder joint, especially while the degenerative changes in its soft tissues (Clover 2001).
The indications for arthroscopy of the shoulder joint are pain, instability and limitation of functions of the joint. With arthroscopy it has become possible diagnosis of such forms of the disease as “impingement” syndrome that arises as a result of degenerative process in joint space.
The main types of operations which sport medicine usually perform on the shoulder joint are seam rotators, subacromial decompression of the space under “impingement” syndrome, fixation of cartilage lip and capsule-ligament complex while the instability of the joint.
Sportsmen often injure ankle joint and apply for medical care. For curing such kinds of injures sport medicine widely uses the arthroscopy of the ankle joint. Surgical interventions performed under the supervision of arthroscope are done while the transhondral fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, deforming arthritis, for the removal of intraarticular body, bone and cartilage proliferations, while “impingement” syndrome, for dissection of adhesions in the fibrosis of articular cavity (Schepsis 2006).
Thanks to the improvement of arthroscopic techniques it became possible to use an arthroscopy of the elbow joint when it is needed by athletes.
The main indications for arthroscopy are a pain of unknown etiology, synovitis, blockade, restriction of movements, osteochondral injury, aseptic necrosis of the radial head and the humerus, intraarticular body.
A lot of sport injury clinics are famous for implemented and successfully applied arthroscopy wrist using while deforming arthrosis, osteochondral injuries, restriction of joint movement, aseptic osteonecrosis brush.
Athletes very often use conservative treatment of chronic forms of paratenotit of Achilles tendon, which are not very ineffective. But there are also clinics which offer the method of surgical treatment of this disease – tenoliz tendon with excision of fibro-modified paratenon. The positive effect is achieved through the restoration of tissue nutrition of Achilles tendon.
So, “sports medicine is an area of health and special services that apply medical and scientific knowledge to prevent, recognize, manage, and rehabilitate injuries related to sport, exercise, or recreational activity” (Scuderi 1997).
Sport medicine and therapy works with athletes and make examination and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, respiratory, digestive, urinary tract, etc. Depending on the nature of medical institutions, a great emphasis is on the influence of sport stress on the body (Eriksson 1990). The priority is to identify latent disease, which can then cause serious diseases, or even sudden death of athletes. The clinics which are specified on sports medicine examine and effectively treat patients with symptoms of overtraining, myocardial dystrophy, heart rhythm disorders, neurocirculatory dystonia and other conditions, associated with sports. Examination includes stress tests, advanced methods of detecting pathology of internal organs. There are developed a lot of modern treatment programs that combine drug therapy with the methods of physiotherapy effects, laser therapy, therapy, physical therapy and exercise test. Treatment of athletes often includes remedial measures. The sport medicine is able to conduct an expert evaluation of the possibility of sports and physical activities.
The specialists of clinics who provide treatment of athletes are skillful in all kinds of treatments available to the traumatology today: arthroscopy of all the joints (knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, elbow and even carpal) – the method which allows to conduct operations without cutting, through the tiny punctures of the skin, with the use of fiber optics and miniature tools. While the surgical treatment of the last stages of osteoarthritis it is widely used the joint replacement of the hip, knee, and shoulder, elbow and ankle joints. Endoprosthesis is the replacement of worn-out or hopelessly injured joint for an artificial, which helps to get rid of constant pain, gives the ability to walk normally and live a full life. In the treatment of osteochondrosis the laser vaporization of the intervertebral discs, percutaneous destruction of the facet nerves is used. During the surgical treatment of severe fractures and osteosynthesis implementation, clinics use only modern lightweight and durable metal construction. Sport medicine does everything in order athletes become healthy after the treatment.

Works Cited
Clover, Jim. Sports Medicine Essentials: Core Concepts in Athletic Training and Fitness Instruction. 2001. pp. 612-613. Print.
Dyment, Paul G., American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Sports medicine: health care for young athletes. 1991. p. 156. Print.
Edelson, Edward. Sports Medicine. 1999. pp. 45-46. Print.
Eriksson, Bengt O., Mellstrand, Tore. Sports medicine: health & medication. 1990. p. 47. Print.
France, Robert C. Introduction to sports medicine & athletic training. 2003. pp. 502-504. Print.
Minigh, Jennifer L. Sports medicine. 2007. pp. 114-117. Print.
Schepsis, Anthony A., Busconi, Brian D. Sports medicine. 2006. pp. 23-24. Print.
Scuderi, Giles R., McCann, Peter D. Sports medicine: a comprehensive approach. 2005. p. 528. Print.
Scuderi, Giles R., McCann, Peter D., Bruno, Peter J. Sports medicine: principles of primary care. 1997. pp. 98-99. Print.
Sherry, Eugene., Bokor, Des. Sports medicine: problems and practical management. 1997. pp. 236-239. Print.
Starkey, Chad., Johnson, Glen., American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Athletic training and sports medicine. 2006. pp. 365-366. Print.