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There are conditions and principles of research process that should be held for maintaining the objectivity of the research. Quite important for the purity and validity of the research are such issues as avoiding bias and diversifying the research process. The aim of this essay is to discuss the possible bias, how to avoid them and the aspects of diversity.
Research, or experimenter bias, appear when the researcher influences the results of the research while performing it. Generally, there are:
design bias – when the researcher misses to identify the initial experimental biases (i.e. if some groups are omitted from the research, or when convenience issues influence the accuracy of the results);
 sampling bias – when sampling itself influences the results of the study;
 procedural bias – when the procedure somehow distorts the results; measurement bias depending on the process of measuring and the errors of data collection;
 interviewer bias – when the interviewer unintentionally gives hints for the answers;
 and related bias – response bias (when the respondent tries to find the “desired” answer)
 reporting bias – the bias depends on the literature sources and domination of positive results descriptions there.
Research bias should be possibly avoided since such phenomena misrepresent the results of the study; however, it is necessary to understand that while for quantitative research bias can be avoided or minimized, for qualitative research some bias are inevitable and depend upon experience, judgment and personality of the researcher, especially in the area of humanitarian sciences.
In order to avoid bias, the research process should be possibly diversified – for quantitative research, all available groups of studied objects should be analyzed, and their classification should be thoroughly studied. For qualitative research, the studied phenomena should be considered using the possible variety of viewpoints and situations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sources
Shuttleworth, Martyn. (2009). Research bias.



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